Anyone who has sold very few stories professionally and/or hasn't been at it long.
Unlike "neofan", which is rarely a term of opprobrium, "neopro" is often used to designate annoying professional newbies — new professionals who aren't annoying tend simply to be called "pros".
This is well illustrated by a story told about a neopro (call him "X") in the 1960s who was visiting Boston and dropped in on a NESFA meeting which happened to be collating Instant Message the clubzine. One of the club members said "Welcome X! Will you help collate?" X replied, "No, I'm a professional now, so I don't do things like that any more." Whereupon Ben Bova came in from the other room and said "Isaac and I are out of page 6 — can you give me some more?"